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Is this content inappropriate? Report this Document. Flag for inappropriate content. Related titles. Carousel Previous Carousel Next. Jump to Page. Search inside document. Kristine Alejandro. Jay Mee. Reuben Jr Umalla. Eko Totok Pujianto. Luluk Cempluk. Anjun Sharmi. Faiz Rosyida Annas. John Levi P. Caterine Aedo Berrocal. Sincerely Reyn. Imam santoso. Frau Amal. NET Framework application is deployed to a server simply by copying the necessary files to the server.
No server restart is required, even to deploy or replace running compiled code. NET has been designed with scalability in mind, with features specifically tailored to improve performance in clustered and multiprocessor environments. Further, processes are closely monitored and managed by the ASP.
NET runtime, so that if one misbehaves leaks, deadlocks , a new process can be created in its place, which helps keep your application constantly available to handle requests. NET delivers a well-factored architecture that allows developers to "plug-in" their code at the appropriate level. In fact, it is possible to extend or replace any subcomponent of the ASP. NET runtime with your own custom-written component. Implementing custom authentication or state services has never been easier.
With built in Windows authentication and per-application configuration, you can be assured that your applications are secure. Language Support The Microsoft. NET Web Forms? NET Web Forms page framework is a scalable common language runtime programming model that can be used on the server to dynamically generate Web pages.
NET Web Forms framework has been specifically designed to address a number of key deficiencies in the previous model. NET Web Forms pages are text files with an. They can be deployed throughout an IIS virtual root directory tree. When a browser client requests. NET runtime parses and compiles the target file into a. NET Framework class. This class can then be used to dynamically process incoming requests. Note that the.
For example, the following sample demonstrates a simple HTML page that collects a user's name and category preference and then performs a form post back to the originating page when a button is clicked: ASP. These code blocks execute in a top-down manner at page render time. NET supports two methods of authoring dynamic pages.
The first is the method shown in the preceding samples, where the page code is physically declared within the originating. An alternative approach--known as the code-behind method--enables the page code to be more cleanly separated from the HTML content into an entirely separate file.
Introduction to ASP. NET server controls to program Web pages. Server controls are declared within an. HtmlControls namespace. Any tag that doesn't explicitly map to one of the controls is assigned the type of System. Server controls automatically maintain any client-entered values between round trips to the server. Note also that no client-side script is required. NET enables developers to utilize richer custom controls on their pages. NET Web Forms pages can target any browser client there are no script library or cookie requirements.
NET server controls provide an easy way to encapsulate common functionality. NET ships with 45 built-in server controls. Developers can also use controls built by third parties. NET templates provide an easy way to customize the look and feel of list server controls.
NET validation controls provide an easy way to do declarative client or server data validation. NET is the standard reporting tool for Visual Basic. NET; it brings the ability to create interactive, presentation-quality content — which has been the strength of Crystal Reports for years — to the.
NET platform. With Crystal Reports for Visual Basic. To present data to users, you could write code to loop through record sets and print them inside your Windows or Web application. However, any work beyond basic formatting can be complicated: consolidations, multiple level totals, charting, and conditional formatting are difficult to program. With Crystal Reports for Visual Studio. NET, you can quickly create complex and professional- looking reports.
Instead of coding, you use the Crystal Report Designer interface to create and format the report you need. The powerful Report Engine processes the formatting, grouping, and charting criteria you specify. Each of these terms describes a fundamental part of the architecture of SQL Server.
Database A database is similar to a data file in that it is a storage place for data. Like a data file, a database does not present information directly to a user; the user runs an application that accesses data from the database and presents it to the user in an understandable format. A database typically has two components: the files holding the physical database and the database management system DBMS software that applications use to access data.
Relational Database There are different ways to organize data in a database but relational databases are one of the most effective. Relational database systems are an application of mathematical set theory to the problem of effectively organizing data.
In a relational database, data is collected into tables called relations in relational theory. When organizing data into tables, you can usually find many different ways to define tables. Relational database theory defines a process, normalization, which ensures that the set of tables you define will organize your data effectively.
When individuals need to use the resource, they connect over the network from their computers, or clients, to the server. A communications component is provided so applications can run on separate clients and communicate to the database server over a network. Server applications are usually capable of working with several clients at the same time. SQL Server can work with thousands of client applications simultaneously.
The server has features to prevent the logical problems that occur if a user tries to read or modify data currently being used by others.
The scalability and ease-of-use features of SQL Server allow it to work efficiently on a client without consuming too many resources. There are several different languages that can be used with relational databases; the most common is SQL.
SQL Server also includes tools for visually designing databases and analyzing data using English-based questions. Databases A database in Microsoft SQL Server consists of a collection of tables that contain data, and other objects, such as views, indexes, stored procedures, and triggers, defined to support activities performed with the data.
The data stored in a database is usually related to a particular subject or process, such as inventory information for a manufacturing warehouse. SQL Server can support many databases, and each database can store either interrelated data or data unrelated to that in the other databases.
For example, a server can have one database that stores personnel data and another that stores product-related data. Alternatively, one database can store current customer order data, and another; related database can store historical customer orders that are used for yearly reporting.
Before you create a database, it is Important to understand the parts of a database and how to design these parts to ensure that the database performs well after it is implemented. Normalization theory: Relations are to be normalized to avoid anomalies. In insert, update and delete operations. Normalization theory is built around the concept of normal forms. To decide a suitable logical structure for given database design the concept of normalization, which are briefly described below.
F : A relation is said to be in 1 NF is and only if all unaligned domains contain values only. That is the fields of an n-set should have no group items and no repeating groups. F : A relation is said to be in 2 NF is and only if it is in 1 NF and every non key attribute is fully dependent on primary key. This normal takes care of functional dependencies on non-key attributes. F : A relation is said to be in 3 NF is and only if it is in 2 NF and every non key attribute is non transitively dependent on the primary key.
This normal form avoids the transitive dependencies on the primary key. This is called Join Dependency. Middleware Technology Activex Data Objects. Net Overview ADO. NET is an evolution of the ADO data access model that directly addresses user requirements for developing scalable applications. It was designed specifically for the web with scalability, statelessness, and XML in mind.
Key new ADO. NET and previous data architectures is that there exists an object -- the Dataset -- that is separate and distinct from any data stores.
Because of that, the Dataset functions as a standalone entity. You can think of the Dataset as an always disconnected record set that knows nothing about the source or destination of the data it contains.
Inside a Dataset, much like in a database, there are tables, columns, relationships, constraints, views, and so forth. A Data Adapter is the object that connects to the database to fill the Dataset. Then, it connects back to the database to update the data there, based on operations performed while the Dataset held the data. In the past, data processing has been primarily connection-based. Now, in an effort to make multi-tiered apps more efficient, data processing is turning to a message-based approach that revolves around chunks of information.
At the center of this approach is the Data Adapter, which provides a bridge to retrieve and save data between a Dataset and its source data store. It accomplishes this by means of requests to the appropriate SQL commands made against the data store.
The XML-based Dataset object provides a consistent programming model that works with all models of data storage: flat, relational, and hierarchical.
It does this by having no 'knowledge' of the source of its data, and by representing the data that it holds as collections and data types. No matter what the source of the data within the Dataset is, it is manipulated through the same set of standard APIs exposed through the Dataset and its subordinate objects. While the Dataset has no knowledge of the source of its data, the managed provider has detailed and specific information. The role of the managed provider is to connect, fill, and persist the Dataset to and from data stores.
OleDb and System. SqlClient that are part of the. NET Data Providers explaining what they are, and how to program against them. The following sections will introduce you to some objects that have evolved, and some that are new. For connection to and managing transactions against a database.
For issuing SQL commands against a database. For reading a forward-only stream of data records from a SQL Server data source. For storing, removing and programming against flat data, XML data and relational data. For pushing data into a Dataset, and reconciling data against a database.
When dealing with connections to a database, there are two different options: SQL Server. In these samples we will use the SQL Server. NET Data Provider. Connections Connections are used to 'talk to' databases, and are represented by provider-specific classes such as SQLConnection. Commands travel over connections and result sets are returned in the form of streams which can be read by a Data Reader object, or pushed into a Dataset object. Commands Commands contain the information that is submitted to a database, and are represented by provider-specific classes such as SQLCommand.
You can also use input and output parameters, and return values as part of your command syntax. The format of the returned Data Reader object is different from a record set. For example, you might use the Data Reader to show the results of a search list in a web page. Datasets The Dataset object is similar to the ADO Record set object, but more powerful, and with one other important distinction: the Dataset is always disconnected.
The Dataset object represents a cache of data, with database-like structures such as tables, columns, relationships, and constraints. However, though a Dataset can and does behave much like a database, it is important to remember that Dataset objects do not interact directly with databases, or other source data.
This allows the developer to work with a programming model that is always consistent, regardless of where the source data resides. Data coming from a database, an XML file, from code, or user input can all be placed into Dataset objects. Then, as changes are made to the Dataset they can be tracked and verified before updating the source data.
The Get Changes method of the Dataset object actually creates a second Dataset that contains only the changes to the data. This Dataset is then used by a Data Adapter or other objects to update the original data source. XML schemas can be used to describe schemas interchanged via Web Services. In fact, a Dataset with a schema can actually be compiled for type safety and statement completion. The Data Adapter object uses commands to update the data source after changes have been made to the Dataset.
You can explicitly set these commands in order to control the statements used at runtime to resolve changes, including the use of stored procedures. Net Framework. Two new objects, the Dataset and Data Adapter, are provided for these scenarios. NET can be used to get data from a stream, or to store data in a cache for updates. There is a lot more information about ADO. NET in the documentation. Remember, you can execute a command directly against the database in order to do inserts, updates, and deletes.
You don't need to first put data into a Dataset in order to insert, update, or delete it. Scripts written with java script can be embedded into your HTML pages. With java script you have many possibilities for enhancing your HTML page with interesting elements. For example you are able to respond to user-initiated events quite easily. Some effects that are now possible with java script were some time ago only possible with CGI. So you can create really sophisticated pages with the helps of java script on the Internet.
How can Java Script scripts run? The first browser to support java script was the Netscape Navigator 2. You might know that java does not run on all Netscape Navigators 2. But this is not true for java script - although there are some problems with the different versions. In the near future there are going to be some other browsers, which support java script. The Microsoft Internet explorer 3. JavaScript enabled browsers are going to spread soon - it is worth learning this new technique now.
You might realize that is really easy to write Java Script scripts. We have to know is some basic techniques and some work-around for problems you might encounter. Of course we need a basic. Now I want to show some small scripts so you can learn how they are implemented into HTML-documents and to show which possibilities you have with the new scripting language.
The following is a very small script, which will only print a text into an HTML document. Back in HTML again. Functions are called by user-initiated events. They are loaded first before a user can do anything that might call a function. Scripts can be placed between inside comment fields to ensure that older browser do not display the script itself. In fact we have a lot of possibilities just by adding functions to our scripts. There are many attributers for this tag only that types and name attributes are required for each element, each type of input element uses only a subset of the followed attributes.
We many have more than submit buttons will be added to the parameter list the browser sends along to the server. We can change that by specifying a value attribute with tour own button label. NET API via an intermediate server resulted server resulted in a new type of database model which is different from the client-server model.
Based on number of intermediate server through the request should go it is named as single tire, two tire and multi tire architecture Single Tier In a single tier the server and client are the same in the sense that a client program that needs information client and the source of this type of architecture is also possible in java, in case flat files are used to store the data.
However this is useful only in case of small applications. The advantage with this is the simplicity and portability of the application developed. In this type of architecture a database management takes control of the database and provides access to clients in a network. This software bundle is also called as the server. Software in different machines, requesting for information are called as the clients. Which in turn serve clients in a network.
For example, you want to access the database using java applets, the applet running in some other machine, can send request only to the server from which it is down loaded. For this reason we will need to have a intermediate server which will accept the requests from applets and them to the actual database server. This intermediate server acts as a two-way communication channel also. This is the information or data from the database is passed on to the applet that is requesting it.
This can be extended to make n tiers of servers, each server carrying to specific type of request from clients, however in practice only 3 tiers architecture is popular. C Language C pronounced C Sharp is a multi-paradigm programming language that encompasses functional, imperative, generic, object-oriented class-based , and component- oriented programming disciplines. It was developed by Microsoft as part of the. C is one of the 44 programming languages supported by the.
C is intended to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language. Anders Hejlsberg, the designer of Delphi, leads the team which is developing C. However, in July , when Microsoft made the project public, the name of the programming language was given as C.
The most recent version of the language is C 3. NET Framework 3. The next proposed version, C 4. Java was originally meant to be a platform independent language, but Microsoft, in their implementation, broke their license agreement and made a few changes that would essentially inhibit Java's platform-independent capabilities.
During the development of. Microsoft had considered keeping the name "Cool" as the final name of the language, but chose not to do so for trademark reasons. By the time the. NET runtime had been ported to C. In interviews and technical papers he has stated that flaws in most major programming languages e. Some argue that C shares roots in other languages. Most of C 's intrinsic types correspond to value-types implemented by the CLI framework.
However, the C language specification does not state the code generation requirements of the compiler: that is, it does not state that a C compiler must target a Common Language Runtime CLR , or generate Common Intermediate Language CIL , or generate any other specific format. All methods and members must be declared within classes.
Statements that take conditions, such as while and if, require an expression of a boolean type. Most object access is done through safe object references, which are always either pointing to a valid, existing object, or have the well-defined null value; a reference to a garbage-collected object, or to random block of memory, is impossible to obtain.
An unsafe pointer can point to an instance of a value-type, array, string, or a block of memory allocated on a stack. Code that is not marked as unsafe can still store and manipulate pointers through the System. IntPtr type, but cannot dereference them. Garbage collection addresses memory leaks. C also provides direct support for deterministic finalization with the using statement supporting the Resource Acquisition Is Initialization idiom.
The only implicit conversions by default are those which are considered safe, such as widening of integers and conversion from a derived type to a base type.
This is enforced at compile-time, during JIT, and, in some cases, at runtime. There are no implicit conversions between booleans and integers, nor between enumeration members and integers except for literal 0, which can be implicitly converted to any enumerated type.
A unified type system implies that all types, including primitives such as integers, are subclasses of the System. Object class. For example, every type inherits a ToString method.
It supports standard SQL. MySQL can be compiled on a number of platforms. The data in MySQL is stored in tables. A table is a collection of related data, and it consists of columns and rows. Databases are useful when storing information categorically. Each index may consist of 1 to 16 columns or parts of columns.
In MySQL 4. These include both command- line programs such as mysqldump and mysqladmin, and graphical programs such as MySQL Workbench. These statements are available from the command line through the mysqlcheck client.
A scripting language is a lightweight programming language. JavaScript code can be inserted into any HTML page, and it can be executed by all types of web browsers. JavaScript is easy to learn. HTML to define the content of web pages 2.
CSS to specify the layout of web pages 3. You can output images, PDF files, and even Flash movies. Download it from the official PHP resource: www. It is a graphical language , which provides a vocabulary and set of semantics and rules. The UML focuses on the conceptual and physical representation of the system. It captures the decisions and understandings about systems that must be constructed.
It is used to understand, design, configure, maintain, and control information about the systems. Unless we think, we cannot implement. UML helps to visualize, how the components of the system communicate and interact with each other. Specifying Specifying means building, models that are precise, unambiguous and complete UML addresses the specification of all the important analysis design, implementation decisions that must be made in developing and deploying a software system.
Documenting The Deliverables of a project apart from coding are some Artifacts, which are critical in controlling, measuring and communicating about a system during its developing requirements, architecture, desire, source code, project plans, tests, prototypes releasers, etc For all but most trivial systems, a diagram represents an elided view of the elements that make up a system. The same element may appear in all diagrams, only a few diagrams , or in no diagrams at all.
In theory, a diagram may contain any combination of things and relationships. In practice, however, a small number of common combinations arise, which are consistent with the five most useful views that comprise the architecture of a software-intensive system. For this reason, the UML includes nine such diagrams: 1. Class diagram 2. Object diagram 3. Use case diagram 4. Sequence diagram 5. Collaboration diagram 6. State chart diagram 7. Activity diagram 8.
Component diagram 9. A Rectangle is the icon that represents the class it is divided into three areas. The upper most area contains the name, the middle; area contains the attributes and the lowest areas show the operations. Class diagrams provides the representation that developers work from.
Class diagrams help on the analysis side, too. Sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams are isomorphic, meaning that you can take one and transform it into the other. Doctor Registration Reception Patient Laboratory Pharmacy ischarge summary 1 : login 2 : view appointment 3 : registration 4 : send request 5 : done any surgeries 6 : go to laboratory 7 : take medicins 8 : paitent ok 9 : send discharge summmary 10 : discharge paitent Collaboration diagram: A Collaboration Diagram also called a communication diagram or interaction diagram, is an illustration of the relationships and interactions among software objects.
The concept is more than a decade old although it has been refined as modeling paradigms have evolved. Deployment diagrams address the static deployment view of architecture. They are related to component diagrams in that a node typically encloses one or more components. The Activity Diagram highlights the activities.
Each activity is represented by a rounded rectangle-narrower and more oval-shaped than the state icon. An arrow represents the transition from the one activity to the next. The activity diagram has a starting point represented by filled- in circle, and an end point represented by bulls eye.
Thus it can be considered to be the most critical stage in achieving a successful new system and in giving the user, confidence that the new system will work and be effective.
Testing is the process of trying to discover every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. There are various types of test. Each test type addresses a specific testing requirement. All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated.
It is the testing of individual software units of the application. This is a structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process performs accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs and expected results. Integration testing: Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to determine if they actually run as one program.
Testing is event driven and is more concerned with the basic outcome of screens or fields. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the problems that arise from the combination of components. Functional test: Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are available as specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation, and user manuals. Functional testing is centered on the following items: Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.
Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected. Functions : identified functions must be exercised.
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